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    • Palestina. Fakta på bakken 

      Berg, Kjersti G. (Book, 2023-03-01)
      Et nytt perspektiv på Palestina. Hva kan det palestinske landskapet, flyktningleirer, bygninger og hus fortelle oss om utviklingen av konflikten i Palestina de siste 100 årene? I denne lille boka tar ...

    • Paper tiger law forbidding FGM in Sudan 

      Tønnessen, Liv; El-Nagar, Samia; Bamkar, Sharifa (CMI Brief vol. 16 no. 7, Report, 2017-09-01)
      Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still a common practice in Sudan. Nine out of ten women have been subjected to this practice. In 2009, a proposed ban on FGM in the National Child Act miserably failed to materialize. ...

    • Para quando as autarquias em Angola? Se desafios são os mesmos, porquê adiar constantemente a sua implementação? 

      Pestana, Nelson; Orre, Aslak (Angola Brief vol. 4 no. 8, Report, 2014-08-11)
      A Constituição de 2010, na sequência da Lei constitucional de 1992, reafirmou e aclarou “o princípio da descentralização político-administrativa” (artigo 213º, 1, CRA). O Presidente da República reconheceu recentemente a ...

    • Parliament of Bangladesh: Boycotts, business, and change for the better 

      Amundsen, Inge (CMI Brief vol. 11 no. 2, Report, 2012-04-11)
      The monumental building of the Parliament of Bangladesh is retracted in a park in the heart of Dhaka, and gives the impression of a powerful institution. In constitutional terms, it is indeed powerful. Bangladesh is among ...

    • Participation, representation and taxation: why collect taxes in oil rich Angola 

      Fjeldstad, Odd-Helge (Conference object, 2011-06-01)

    • Partidos políticos em Angola: Na tendência africana 

      Amundsen, Inge (Angola Brief vol. 1 no. 10, Report, 2011-06-20)
      A política em Angola é normalmente explicada fazendo referência à sua longa e devastadora guerra civil. As eleições adiadas, a dominância do Presidente da República e do partido no poder, e os resultados das eleições são ...

    • Past, present and future: Fifty years of anthropology in Sudan 

      Assal, Munzoul A. M.; Abdul-Jalil, Musa Adam (Book, 2015-03-01)
      This book is about the history of anthropology in Sudan. Contributors to the book represent different generations of anthropologists who at some point in time either taught at the department in Khartoum or had some sort ...

    • Pastoral Women in Town: The Case of the Migrant Fulbe in Sinja, Sudan 

      Osman, Elhadi Ibrahim (Sudan Working Paper SWP 2020:3, Working paper, 2020-11-01)
      The world has witnessed rapid urbanization and an increased number of women migrating in a phenomenon known as the femininization of migration. Urban areas are becoming extremely overcrowded and overburdened, putting ...

    • Pathways for Urban Food Security in the Pacific: Situating the Urban Informal Food Sector in the Context of Urbanisation and Globalisation 

      Watt, Lucas; de Waegh, Roxane; Watt, Greg (Journal of Resilient Economies (ISSN: 2653-1917) vol. 2 no. 1, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-01)
      The urban context is often sidelined in the academic discourse surrounding food security in the Pacific. Yet, for some Pacific nations, cities are the home for most of their citizens. In this thematic literature review, ...

    • Patriarchy, Politics and Women’s Activism in Post-Revolution Sudan 

      Tønnessen, Liv; al-Nagar, Samia (Report, 2020-07-01)
      While Sudanese women were at the forefront of the popular uprising under the banner "freedom, peace and justice" that started in December 2018 and eventually led to the ousting of President Omar al-Bashir in April 2019, ...

    • Pawns of peace. Evaluation of Norwegian peace efforts in Sri Lanka, 1997-2009 

      Sørbø, Gunnar M.; Goodhand, Jonathan; Klem, Bart; Nissen, Ada Elisabeth; Selbervik, Hilde (Evaluation report no. 5/2011, Research report, 2011-11-01)
      This evaluation assesses Norway’s peace efforts in Sri Lanka from 1997 to 2009. It tells the story of Norway’s engagement, assesses the effects and identifies broader implications and lessons. The analysis is ...

    • Pay for Honesty? Lessons on Wages and Corruption from Public Hospitals 

      Savedoff, William D. (U4 Brief 2008:13, Report, 2008-05-02)
      Theft, graft, absenteeism and soliciting bribes in the health sector in developing countries is often blamed on low pay. But does low pay actually explain corruption? Several studies of public hospitals in Latin America ...

    • Peace Processes and Statebuilding: Economic and Institutional Provisions of Peace Agreements 

      Suhrke, Astri; Wimpelmann, Torunn; Dawes, Marcia (Research report, 2007-06-26)
      This report originates in the growing international engagement in statebuilding and postconflict reconstruction during the past decade. The 2005 Paris declaration of the OECD referred to an emerging international consensus ...

    • Peace without Unity: The Dilemma of Reconciling Divergent Perspectives in Post-Conflict Sudan 

      El-Battahani, Atta (Sudan Working Paper SWP 2008: 4, Working paper, 2008-02-20)
      Maintaining and promoting conflict-ridden Sudan as a unified entity has emerged as a central plank in the agenda of most, if not all, parties to the ongoing political conflict since the 1950s. Indeed, each of the major ...

    • Peacemaking, Customary Laws and Institutions in Dārfūr 

      Ali, Osman Mohamed Osman; Takana, Yousif Suliman Saeed (Sudan Working Paper SWP 2016:6, Working paper, 2016-10-01)
      The traditional native justice system in Darfur has an advantage over the modern state judicial one; it has proved its relevance for effectively managing and resolving conflicts, particularly in the rural communities, ...

    • Peoples' views of taxation in Africa: A review of research on determinants of tax compliance 

      Fjeldstad, Odd-Helge; Schulz-Herzenberg, Collette; Sjursen, Ingrid Hoem (CMI Working Paper WP 2012:7, Working paper, 2012-10-10)
      What are the key determinants of taxpayer compliance? And which features of citizen-state relations govern attitudes and behaviour regarding taxation? This paper examines the analytical foundation, methodological approaches ...

    • Per diem policy analysis toolkit 

      Vian, Taryn; Sabin, Laura (U4 Issue 2012:8, Research report, 2012-12-18)
      Most organizations use per diems as a way to reimburse out-of-pocket expenses for travel and to encourage staff to attend professional development activities. However, weaknesses in policy design and control of spending ...

    • Perceptions of per diems in the health sector: Evidence and implications 

      Vian, Taryn; Miller, Candace; Themba, Zione; Bukuluki, Paul (U4 Issue 2011:6, Research report, 2011-07-01)
      This study details the perceived benefits, problems, and risks of abuse of per diems and allowances in developing countries. Drawing on 41 interviews with government and nongovernmental officials in Malawi and Uganda the ...

    • Perpetual Hardships: Female Poverty in Rural Malanje, Angola 

      Strønen, Iselin Åsedotter; Silva, Osvaldo; Nangacovie, Margaret; Fortuna, Cláudio (CMI Brief vol. 16 no. 4, Report, 2017-04-01)
      Rural poverty in Angola is severe and gendered. This brief draws on qualitative field research in ten rural communities in the municipality of Kalandula, Malanje province. It shows that female poverty is characterized by ...

    • Petite corruption et situations de pluralisme normatif au Burundi 

      Nicaise, Guillaume (Afrique Contemporaine vol. 2018/02 no. 266, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-01)
      Cet article restitue et analyse les pratiques des percepteurs d’impôt et des élus locaux au Burundi. Pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l’État au niveau local, les observations ...