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dc.contributor.authorTønnessen, Liv
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-04T08:22:12Z
dc.date.available2018-01-04T08:22:12Z
dc.date.issued2016-01-01
dc.identifieroai:www.cmi.no:5696
dc.identifier.citationBergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI Report R 2016:1)
dc.identifier.isbn82-8062-575-5
dc.identifier.issn0805-505X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2475289
dc.description.abstractSaudi Arabia is often presented in Western media as the poster child of women’s oppression. It is the country where women are forced to cover their heads and body in black dress and cannot drive cars. Although Saudi Arabia has ratified several human rights conventions, including the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), there are many legal restrictions on Saudi women’s rights in the name of Sharia. Because Sharia, as applied by Saudi courts, is uncodified and because judicial precedent does not bind judges, the scope and content of this law is uncertain. Therefore, Saudi Arabia presents itself as a particularly difficult political environment for women’s rights activists to demand legal reform. Added to that, civil society organisations, including women’s groups, are not allowed in Saudi Arabia. In spite of these constraints, however, women’s rights activists are active, both inside and outside of the country. In recent years, Saudi Arabia has seen some reforms, including, among others, a ban on domestic violence in 2013. Against the backdrop of a Saudi state that does not have a codified criminal code, this paper explores how rape is defined in Saudi courts and to what extent and how women’s rights activists have put rape on the agenda. How is rape defined in Saudi courts? Saudi judges regard rape as a hadd (pl. hudud ) crime. The hudud crimes are viewed as the ordinances of Allah, and they have fixed punishments derived from Islamic sources. A Saudi fatwa from 1981 stipulates that hiraba (brigandage, or highway robbery), which is a hadd crime,should cover offenses of sexual honour. This is an unusual interpretation and departs from classical Islamic jurisprudence. Proving hiraba requires two male witnesses or a confession from the perpetrator as evidence. Should there not be sufficient evidence, a judge can treat rape as a tazir crime,
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherChr. Michelsen Institute
dc.relationCMI Report
dc.relationR 2016:1
dc.relation.ispartofCMI Report
dc.relation.ispartofseriesCMI Report R 2016:1
dc.relation.urihttps://www.cmi.no/publications/5696-womens-activism-in-saudi-arabia
dc.subjectSaudi Arabia
dc.titleWomen’s Activism in Saudi Arabia: Male Guardianship and Sexual Violence
dc.typeResearch report
dc.identifier.cristin1418932


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