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Participation, representation and taxation: why collect taxes in oil rich Angola
(Conference object, 2011-06-01) -
Partidos políticos em Angola: Na tendência africana
(Angola Brief vol. 1 no. 10, Report, 2011-06-20)A política em Angola é normalmente explicada fazendo referência à sua longa e devastadora guerra civil. As eleições adiadas, a dominância do Presidente da República e do partido no poder, e os resultados das eleições são ... -
Partners in Audit. An Evaluation of Cooperation between the National Audit Office in Malawi and the Office of the Auditor General of Norway
(Research report, 2013-12-01)The Office of the Auditor General of Norway (OAGN) commissioned the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) to undertake this evaluation of its collaborative relationship with the National Audit Office (NAO) in Malawi to gauge ... -
Past, present and future: Fifty years of anthropology in Sudan
(Book, 2015-03-01)This book is about the history of anthropology in Sudan. Contributors to the book represent different generations of anthropologists who at some point in time either taught at the department in Khartoum or had some sort ... -
Pastoral Women in Town: The Case of the Migrant Fulbe in Sinja, Sudan
(Sudan Working Paper SWP 2020:3, Working paper, 2020-11-01)The world has witnessed rapid urbanization and an increased number of women migrating in a phenomenon known as the femininization of migration. Urban areas are becoming extremely overcrowded and overburdened, putting ... -
Pastoralist Mobility among the Sudanese Ethiopian Borderland : Towards Cooperative Land Management
(Nomadic Peoples vol. 28 no. 1, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2024-04-01)This study followed an interdisciplinary mixed approach that consisted of social research methods and geospatial technology to investigate the livestock mobility of four pastoralist groups from Sudan and two Ethiopian ... -
Pathways for Urban Food Security in the Pacific: Situating the Urban Informal Food Sector in the Context of Urbanisation and Globalisation
(Journal of Resilient Economies (ISSN: 2653-1917) vol. 2 no. 1, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2022-07-01)The urban context is often sidelined in the academic discourse surrounding food security in the Pacific. Yet, for some Pacific nations, cities are the home for most of their citizens. In this thematic literature review, ... -
Patriarchy, Politics and Women’s Activism in Post-Revolution Sudan
(Report, 2020-07-01)While Sudanese women were at the forefront of the popular uprising under the banner "freedom, peace and justice" that started in December 2018 and eventually led to the ousting of President Omar al-Bashir in April 2019, ... -
Pawns of peace. Evaluation of Norwegian peace efforts in Sri Lanka, 1997-2009
(Evaluation report no. 5/2011, Research report, 2011-11-01)This evaluation assesses Norway’s peace efforts in Sri Lanka from 1997 to 2009. It tells the story of Norway’s engagement, assesses the effects and identifies broader implications and lessons. The analysis is ... -
Pay for Honesty? Lessons on Wages and Corruption from Public Hospitals
(U4 Brief 2008:13, Report, 2008-05-02)Theft, graft, absenteeism and soliciting bribes in the health sector in developing countries is often blamed on low pay. But does low pay actually explain corruption? Several studies of public hospitals in Latin America ... -
Peace Processes and Statebuilding: Economic and Institutional Provisions of Peace Agreements
(Research report, 2007-06-26)This report originates in the growing international engagement in statebuilding and postconflict reconstruction during the past decade. The 2005 Paris declaration of the OECD referred to an emerging international consensus ... -
Peace without Unity: The Dilemma of Reconciling Divergent Perspectives in Post-Conflict Sudan
(Sudan Working Paper SWP 2008: 4, Working paper, 2008-02-20)Maintaining and promoting conflict-ridden Sudan as a unified entity has emerged as a central plank in the agenda of most, if not all, parties to the ongoing political conflict since the 1950s. Indeed, each of the major ... -
Peacemaking, Customary Laws and Institutions in Dārfūr
(Sudan Working Paper SWP 2016:6, Working paper, 2016-10-01)The traditional native justice system in Darfur has an advantage over the modern state judicial one; it has proved its relevance for effectively managing and resolving conflicts, particularly in the rural communities, ... -
Peoples' views of taxation in Africa: A review of research on determinants of tax compliance
(CMI Working Paper WP 2012:7, Working paper, 2012-10-10)What are the key determinants of taxpayer compliance? And which features of citizen-state relations govern attitudes and behaviour regarding taxation? This paper examines the analytical foundation, methodological approaches ... -
Per diem policy analysis toolkit
(U4 Issue 2012:8, Research report, 2012-12-18)Most organizations use per diems as a way to reimburse out-of-pocket expenses for travel and to encourage staff to attend professional development activities. However, weaknesses in policy design and control of spending ... -
Perceptions of per diems in the health sector: Evidence and implications
(U4 Issue 2011:6, Research report, 2011-07-01)This study details the perceived benefits, problems, and risks of abuse of per diems and allowances in developing countries. Drawing on 41 interviews with government and nongovernmental officials in Malawi and Uganda the ... -
Perpetual Hardships: Female Poverty in Rural Malanje, Angola
(CMI Brief vol. 16 no. 4, Report, 2017-04-01)Rural poverty in Angola is severe and gendered. This brief draws on qualitative field research in ten rural communities in the municipality of Kalandula, Malanje province. It shows that female poverty is characterized by ... -
Petite corruption et situations de pluralisme normatif au Burundi
(Afrique Contemporaine vol. 2018/02 no. 266, Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2018-01-01)Cet article restitue et analyse les pratiques des percepteurs d’impôt et des élus locaux au Burundi. Pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l’État au niveau local, les observations ... -
Petite mais néfaste : La corruption dans le financement et les droits d'exploitation des systèmes d'approvisionnement en eau
(U4 Brief 2011:3, Report, 2011-04-15)Le « commerce » de l’eau réunit un grand nombre de consommateurs, qui utilisent cette denrée à différentes fins, notamment domestiques, industrielles et agricoles. La gestion de l’eau à l’échelle des usagers, et la collecte ... -
Petro-Governance in Tanzania: Opportunities and Challenges
(CMI Brief vol. 15 no. 14, Report, 2016-10-01)Recent significant natural gas discoveries have pushed Tanzania into the international spotlight as a new petroleum producer. How can the country ensure that its newfound wealth is translated into economic development? ...