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Political Islam in the Middle East

Knudsen, Are
Research report
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2435970
Date
2003
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Abstract
This report provides an overview of the political Islam in

the Middle East, with a special emphasis on the Islamic

resurgence in the Levant (Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon,

Palestine and Syria). Following an introduction to the

ideological roots of present-day Islamist movements, the

report examines the prospects for popular democracy

amidst widespread political violence. In brief, the report

shows that Islam need not be incompatible with democracy

and that there is a tendency to neglect the fact that many

Middle Eastern countries have been engaged in a brutal

suppression of Islamist movements, causing them to take up

arms against the state. In the third section the report

reviews some of the theories used to explain the Islamic

revival and discusses their empirical significance. The

conclusion argues in favour of moving beyond the “gloom

and doom” approach that portrays Islamism as an

illegitimate political expression and a potential threat to

the West (“Old Islamism”). Instead, there is an urgent need

for a more nuanced understanding of the current

democratisation of the Islamist movements that is now

taking place throughout the Middle East (“New

Islamism”).
Publisher
Chr. Michelsen Institute
Series
Research report
R 2003: 3

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