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    • To pay or not to pay? Citizens' views on taxation in local authorities in Tanzania 

      Fjeldstad, Odd-Helge (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2004)
      Widespread tax evasion reflected in persistent public resistance to pay is seen as part of the problem of raising local government revenues in Tanzania. Dealing with the policy problem of revenue enhancement and tax evasion ...

    • Towards feasible social security systems in sub-Saharan Africa 

      Tostensen, Arne (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2004)
      The international community is devoting increasing attention to social security issues in developing countries as part of its preoccupation with poverty reduction. This paper discusses social security arrangements in place ...

    • Towards Multiparty System in Uganda: The Effect on Female Representation in Politics 

      Hanssen, Kari Nordstoga (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2006)
      Scholars, politicians and women activists today share a concern for the limited representation of women in different political bodies. Statistics comparing female representation in sub-Saharan African legislatures suggest ...

    • Trade and Growth with Static and Dynamic Economies of Scale 

      Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 1996)
      This paper develops a dynamic two-country, two-sector model of international trade with asymmetric technological spillovers, static increasing returns to scale in one sector and dynamic increasing returns to scale in the ...

    • Trade Unions in Processes of Democratisation. A Study of Party Labour Relations in Zambia 

      Rakner, Lise (Research report, Research report, 1992)
      This report assesses the role of labour in the recent transition to multi-party rule in Zambia. The main question considered is to what extent labour, through its policy-making organ the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions ...

    • Trust & Trade... Is distance dead? 

      Sandelien, Guri (Research report, Research report, 2003)
      This report explores the facts behind the buzzwords ´globalisation` and ´the new economy`. In general we associate these concepts with a borderless world where economic transactions are managed through rapid electronic ...

    • Truth in transition. The role of truth commissions in political transition in Chile and El Salvador 

      Gairdner, David (Research report, Research report, 1999)
      Truth Commissions are increasingly being used as one mechanism in a broader strategy to consolidate democratic governance following a period of authoritarian rule. However, there has been little research on the impact ...

    • Turnaround: The National Resistance Movement and the Re-introduction of a Multiparty System in Uganda 

      Makara, Sabiti; Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2007)
      This article addresses the process behind the National Resistance Movement’s (NRM) decision to open for a reintroduction of multiparty politics. Why would a political movement that had been in power for two decades expose ...

    • Turning but not Toppling Malthus: Boserupian Theory on Population and the Environment Relationships 

      Marquette, Catherine (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 1997)
      Subsequently to the Brundtland Report, the 1992 Earth Summit, and the resu1ting Agenda 21, the issue of population and development has increasingly evolved into discussion on the "population, environment and development ...

    • Uganda's 2006 Presidental and Parliamentary Elections 

      Gloppen, S.; Atoo, C.; Kasimbazi, E.; Kibandama, A.; Kiiza, J.; Makara, S.; Okiror, G.; Rakner, L.; Rwengabo, S.; Svåsand, L.; Tabaro, R.; Tostensen, A. (Research report, Research report, 2006)
      This report analyses the 2006 Ugandan presidential and parliamentary election in terms of the broader process starting with the processes of setting the rule for political contestation, through the registration of voters ...

    • UN support for peacebuilding: Nepal as the exceptional case 

      Suhrke, Astri (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2009)
      In the annals of UN peace operations, the mission in Nepal (UNMIN) appears as an exceptional case. Most peace support operations today are multidimensional – covering the security sector, political transition, relief and ...

    • Uncertainty as a Strategy: Electoral Processes in Zambia 1991-2001 

      Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2003)
      Zambia has held three multiparty elections since its restoration of democracy in 1991. This peaceful transition raised expectations of a smooth process towards democratic consolidation. But similar to experiences from other ...

    • Underdevelopment and labour migration: the contract labour system in Namibia 

      Moorsom, Richard (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 1997)
      This volume reproduces, with minor changes, a set of previously published papers on the history of the origins, formation and evolution of the contract labour system in Namibia from first commercial contact with industrial ...

    • Universitet og forskning i Sør-Afrika. Utfordringar etter apartheid og akademisk boikott 

      Tjønneland, Elling Njål (Arbeidsnotat, Working paper, 1992)
      Dette notatet gir ein gjennomgang av universitets- og forskingssektoren i Sør-Afrika. Hovudutfordringane for universiteta i eit nytt og demokratisk Sør-Afrika blir identifisert, og forskingas rolle og organisering av denne ...

    • Updating the Input Output based Macmod functions 

      Granberg, Per (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2002)
      The present paper reports on a statistical effort undertaken for the Macmod project. It reports on the revision and updating of the Tanzanian Input-Output table for 1992. These IO activities are undertaken in order to ...

    • Urban Dimensions of Donors' Poverty-Reduction Strategies 

      Tostensen, Arne (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2002)
      This paper examines the extent to which the poverty-reduction strategies of selected multilateral and bilateral donors incorporate an urban poverty dimension. Key policy documents of multilaterals such as the World Bank, ...

    • Utdrag av norsk flyktningdebatt 1985-1995. Eit styrande perspektiv? 

      Tjore, Gro (Research report, Research report, 1997)
      The report gives an overview of the main trends and changes in Norwegian refugee policy since 1945. The focus is on the more recent Norwegian political debate concerning refugee questions. Two major political actors, the ...

    • Value-Added Taxation in Tanzania? 

      Fjeldstad, Odd-Helge (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 1995)
      Is Tanzania ready for a value-added tax (V AT)? The purpose of this paper is to answer this and other related questions that are often asked about value-added taxation in developing countries, to consider how a V AT might ...

    • Verdensbankens strukturtilpasningsprogrammer: Virkninger og politiske linjeskift 

      Villanger, Espen (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2003)
      Dette notatet bidrar til den offentlige debatten om Verdensbankens rolle langs to dimensjoner. Først defineres de mest sentrale elementene i strukturtilpasningspolitikken og det blir stilt opp en oversikt over de ulike ...

    • Verdensbankens verdensbilde 

      Fjeldstad, Odd-Helge (Research report, Research report, 1992)
      Denne studien gir en kort presentasjon av hovedpunktene i Verdensbankens "World Development Reports" for 1990, 1991 og 1992, og drøfter kritisk de mest sentrale problemstillingene i rapportene. Rapportene framstår som ...