• The role of participation and empowerment in income and poverty dynamics in Indonesia 1993-2000 

      Villanger, Espen; Enes, Anette (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2004)
      The objective of this study is to assess whether living in a community that has a more democratic decision making system or in a society with a higher degree of participation and cooperation has any effect on household ...
    • The role of the churches in poverty reduction in Angola 

      Jensen, Søren Kirk; Pestana, Nelson (Research report, Research report, 2010)
      This study was carried out as a collaborative effort between the Center of Studies and Scientific Research (CEIC) of the Catholic University of Angola (UCAN), the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) and Independent Policy ...
    • The Role of the Judiciary in the 2004 General Elections in Malawi 

      Gloppen, Siri; Kanyongolo, Edge (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2004)
      The courts in Malawi have played a prominent role in political life since the democratic transition in 1993, which came about after three decades of repressive authoritatian rule. Whilst the quality of electoral politics ...
    • The SAPRIN Report: An assessment of the empirical analysis supporting main conclusions 

      Villanger, Espen; Pausewang, Siegfried; Jerve, Alf Morten (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2003)
      In 1996, the World Bank and a network of non-governmental organizations (SAPRIN) started cooperating on an evaluation of 15 years of structural adjustment programs (SAPs). The background of our paper is the criticism raised ...
    • The Snorre Field and the Rise and Fall of Saga Petroleum 

      Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2000)
      This paper presents a case study of the Snorre field development focusing on the market for oil-related services related to the development of the oil field. The Snorre field was the first field developed by Saga Petroleum ...
    • The status of the East Timor agricultural sector 1999 

      Rio, Narve (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2001)
      This working paper came about as a result of background research for a chapter in Social and Economic Conditions in East Timor, published by the International Conflict Resolution Program, School of International and Public ...
    • The UN and post-crisis aid: Towards a more political economy 

      Jones, Bruce D. (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2000)
      This paper reviews certain aspects of the post-crisis problem, as seen from within the UN. It outlines the wide variety in cases that fall within post-crisis policy, and suggests a basis for categorisation, which is crucial ...
    • To pay or not to pay? Citizens' views on taxation in local authorities in Tanzania 

      Fjeldstad, Odd-Helge (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2004)
      Widespread tax evasion reflected in persistent public resistance to pay is seen as part of the problem of raising local government revenues in Tanzania. Dealing with the policy problem of revenue enhancement and tax evasion ...
    • Towards feasible social security systems in sub-Saharan Africa 

      Tostensen, Arne (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2004)
      The international community is devoting increasing attention to social security issues in developing countries as part of its preoccupation with poverty reduction. This paper discusses social security arrangements in place ...
    • Towards Multiparty System in Uganda: The Effect on Female Representation in Politics 

      Hanssen, Kari Nordstoga (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2006)
      Scholars, politicians and women activists today share a concern for the limited representation of women in different political bodies. Statistics comparing female representation in sub-Saharan African legislatures suggest ...
    • Trade and Growth with Static and Dynamic Economies of Scale 

      Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 1996)
      This paper develops a dynamic two-country, two-sector model of international trade with asymmetric technological spillovers, static increasing returns to scale in one sector and dynamic increasing returns to scale in the ...
    • Trade Unions in Processes of Democratisation. A Study of Party Labour Relations in Zambia 

      Rakner, Lise (Research report, Research report, 1992)
      This report assesses the role of labour in the recent transition to multi-party rule in Zambia. The main question considered is to what extent labour, through its policy-making organ the Zambia Congress of Trade Unions ...
    • Trust & Trade... Is distance dead? 

      Sandelien, Guri (Research report, Research report, 2003)
      This report explores the facts behind the buzzwords ´globalisation` and ´the new economy`. In general we associate these concepts with a borderless world where economic transactions are managed through rapid electronic ...
    • Truth in transition. The role of truth commissions in political transition in Chile and El Salvador 

      Gairdner, David (Research report, Research report, 1999)
      Truth Commissions are increasingly being used as one mechanism in a broader strategy to consolidate democratic governance following a period of authoritarian rule. However, there has been little research on the impact ...
    • Turnaround: The National Resistance Movement and the Re-introduction of a Multiparty System in Uganda 

      Makara, Sabiti; Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2007)
      This article addresses the process behind the National Resistance Movement’s (NRM) decision to open for a reintroduction of multiparty politics. Why would a political movement that had been in power for two decades expose ...
    • Turning but not Toppling Malthus: Boserupian Theory on Population and the Environment Relationships 

      Marquette, Catherine (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 1997)
      Subsequently to the Brundtland Report, the 1992 Earth Summit, and the resu1ting Agenda 21, the issue of population and development has increasingly evolved into discussion on the "population, environment and development ...
    • Uganda's 2006 Presidental and Parliamentary Elections 

      Gloppen, S.; Atoo, C.; Kasimbazi, E.; Kibandama, A.; Kiiza, J.; Makara, S.; Okiror, G.; Rakner, L.; Rwengabo, S.; Svåsand, L.; Tabaro, R.; Tostensen, A. (Research report, Research report, 2006)
      This report analyses the 2006 Ugandan presidential and parliamentary election in terms of the broader process starting with the processes of setting the rule for political contestation, through the registration of voters ...
    • UN support for peacebuilding: Nepal as the exceptional case 

      Suhrke, Astri (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2009)
      In the annals of UN peace operations, the mission in Nepal (UNMIN) appears as an exceptional case. Most peace support operations today are multidimensional – covering the security sector, political transition, relief and ...
    • Uncertainty as a Strategy: Electoral Processes in Zambia 1991-2001 

      Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2003)
      Zambia has held three multiparty elections since its restoration of democracy in 1991. This peaceful transition raised expectations of a smooth process towards democratic consolidation. But similar to experiences from other ...
    • Underdevelopment and labour migration: the contract labour system in Namibia 

      Moorsom, Richard (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 1997)
      This volume reproduces, with minor changes, a set of previously published papers on the history of the origins, formation and evolution of the contract labour system in Namibia from first commercial contact with industrial ...