• Fissions and fusions, foes and friends: Party system re-structuring in Malawi in the 2004 general elections 

      Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2005)
      The issue of presidential term limits is emerging as an important political norm on the African continent, but the effects of the third term debates on the institutionalization of the party systems have so far not been ...
    • Funding political parties in emerging African democracies: What role for Norway? 

      Mathisen, Harald; Svåsand, Lars (Research report, Research report, 2002)
      This report addresses the problem of foreign funding of political parties in newly democratised African states. The report identifies some problems associated with the development of political parties in Africa and indicate ...
    • Maybe free but not fair: Electoral administration in Malawi 1994-2004 

      Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2005)
      Entering the third decade of multiparty democracy on the African continent, incumbents appear able to secure electoral mandates without opening for extensive political liberties. The paper argues that the administration ...
    • Multiparty elections in Africa's new democracies 

      Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (Research report, Research report, 2002)
      Why has the electoral process in the newly democratised African states had such limited impacts? How can the continued one-party dominance on the continent be explained despite the reintroduction of political freedoms, substantial ...
    • Non-state actors and democratic consolidation 

      Svåsand, Lars; Tostensen, Arne (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2009)
      This working paper provides a review of the literature addressing the role of civil society or non-state actors in democratic consolidation, with particular reference to Malawi. Civil society comprises private businesses; ...
    • Poverty reduction strategy processes in Malawi and Zambia 

      Bwalya, Edgar; Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars; Tostensen, Arne; Tsoka, Maxton (Research report, Research report, 2004)
      Malawi and Zambia are poor and heavily indebted countries whose dependence on foreign aid is pronounced. They both qualify for debt relief in terms of the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) initiative under the auspices ...
    • The Institutional Context of the 2004 General Elections in Malawi 

      Gloppen, Siri; Kanyongolo, Edge; Khembo, Nixon; Patel, Nadini; Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars; Tostensen, Arne; Bakken, Mette (Research report, Research report, 2006)
      This report summarises the findings of a joint research project undertaken by the Centre for Social Research, Chr. Michelsen Institute and the Universities of Malawi and Bergen. Ensuring that elected political leaders play ...
    • Turnaround: The National Resistance Movement and the Re-introduction of a Multiparty System in Uganda 

      Makara, Sabiti; Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2007)
      This article addresses the process behind the National Resistance Movement’s (NRM) decision to open for a reintroduction of multiparty politics. Why would a political movement that had been in power for two decades expose ...
    • Uncertainty as a Strategy: Electoral Processes in Zambia 1991-2001 

      Rakner, Lise; Svåsand, Lars (CMI Working paper, Working paper, 2003)
      Zambia has held three multiparty elections since its restoration of democracy in 1991. This peaceful transition raised expectations of a smooth process towards democratic consolidation. But similar to experiences from other ...