What facilitates or impedes the documentation of results of Norwegian aid? This report examines guidelines and practices in the Norwegian aid administration and looks into the reasons why it has proven difficult to measure ...

Compared to fellow politicians in other countries, women and men who contest elections in Norway do not encounter much political violence. The low occurrence of political violence is reflected in politician’s ...

Africa is a source of large-scale capital flight. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on how banks facilitate capital flight from Africa. There is growing evidence that subsidiaries of the world’s major banks have ...

Studies of microbusiness in poor countries find high marginal returns to capital but also lack of investments. This paper analyzes how caste-based segmentation in the capital and labor markets can act as obstacles to ...

Forest certification schemes regulate forest exploitation and trade across many countries. In the absence of a multilateral agreement on limiting deforestation, they provide rules to balance the social, economic and ...

This brief examines changes in citizens' perceptions of local taxation over time in Tanzania based on survey data from 2003 and 2006. It investigates why people do or do not pay taxes, their perceptions of misuse of tax ...

Corrupt dealings by companies are often only a way to avoid inefficiency caused by weak regulations and institutions. While the private sector is commonly perceived to be a source of corruption, it is also a victim - with ...

A new understanding that educating girls' does not constrain their marriage potential is emerging in eastern Sudan. Girls who continue their education and their families are role models who challenge the cultural boundaries ...

China’s development will affect the history of the twenty-first century, and perhaps nowhere more importantly than in Africa. The emergence of China introduces new opportunities for Africa, new challenges and new imponderables ...

To Africa, the emergence of China as a major development funder presents a clear advantage. It gives access both to new substantial resources and to areas to which western donors are less willing to contribute. It gives ...